Gladio (Luxembourg)
Basic Group Information
| Name assigned by coder: |
no
|
| PGM ID Number: |
513
|
| Country: |
Luxembourg |
| Date formed: |
Jan. 1, 1950 |
| Accuracy of date formed: |
decade
|
| Details of Formation: |
NATO organized the creation of the group. |
| Date dissolved: |
Jan. 1, 1990 |
| Accuracy of date dissolved: |
year
|
| Details of Termination: |
The group is assumed to have been abandoned at the end of the Cold War, like other Gladio groups. |
| Termination Type(s): |
government defects
|
Former and Successor Group Information
| Predecessor group(s): |
none
|
| Successor group(s): |
none
|
| Private Military Company? |
no |
| Former Group? |
no |
| Former Armed Group? |
no information |
| Former Rebel Group? |
no |
| Former Rebel Group UCDP ID: |
none |
| PGM Becomes Rebel Group? |
no |
| Successor Rebel Group UCDP ID: |
none |
Government Relation, Support, and Training
| Government Relation: |
unclear (type 1 or 2) |
| Created by the Government?: |
yes |
Main Creating Government Institution: |
person/minister
|
| Government Link(s): |
state (institution)
|
| If link to party, name of party: |
None |
| Training and Equipment: |
no information |
| Shared Information and Joint Operations: |
no information |
| Shared Personnel: |
no information |
| Type(s) of Material Support: |
Foreign government
|
| State Sponsor(s): |
United States
|
| Other Connection(s): |
NATO |
Group Characteristics
Ethnic Characteristics
| Ethnic Target(s): |
none
|
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Targeting: |
not applicable
|
| Ethnic Membership: |
none
|
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Membership: |
not applicable
|
| Ethnic Purpose: |
none
|
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Purpose: |
not applicable
|
Other Information
| Other Information: |
The network of groups may have some semi-official status within the intelligence community. But this status is not recognized but instead hidden even from some domestic governments and prime ministers. The groups were ultimately answerable to NATO-CIA rather than domestic governments in event of attack by Warsaw Pact. |
New Variables from Meta-Analysis
Purpose
| Purpose: |
The group was intended as a fighting force prepared to counter a possible Warsaw Pact invasion. In this case, it was meant to conduct guerilla warfare and sabotage activities. |
| Relative Benefit(s) of PGM Use |
faster mobilization; deniability of violence
|
Treatment of Civilians
| Treatment of Civilians: |
|
| Type(s) of Violence against Civilians: |
unknown
|
Reasons for Membership
| PGM Members Coerced? |
no information |
| PGM Members Paid? |
no information |
| Reasons for Membership: |
|
| PGM Members Killed? |
no information |
PGM Size
Weapons and Training
| Weapons and Training: |
The group was trained by NATO and the CIA and trained together with US Green Berets and the British Special Air Service (SAS). It was armed from underground arms caches. |
Organisation
| Organisation: |
The PGM was coordinated by NATO and run by the military secret services in close cooperation with the CIA and British Secret Intelligence Service. |
Reference(s) for Meta-Analysis
Information was taken from news sources listed in the PGMD.
Wikipedia. “Operation Gladio”. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Gladio&oldid=835600108
Evidence
