Gladio (Denmark)
Basic Group Information
| Name assigned by coder: |
no
|
| PGM ID Number: |
465
|
| Country: |
Denmark |
| Date formed: |
Jan. 1, 1951 |
| Accuracy of date formed: |
year
|
| Details of Formation: |
The Scandinavian groups were set up by William Colby from 1951. |
| Date dissolved: |
Dec. 31, 1990 |
| Accuracy of date dissolved: |
year
|
| Details of Termination: |
One source suggests that the PGM was disbanded towards the end of 1990. |
| Termination Type(s): |
none
|
Former and Successor Group Information
| Predecessor group(s): |
none
|
| Successor group(s): |
none
|
| Private Military Company? |
no |
| Former Group? |
no |
| Former Armed Group? |
no information |
| Former Rebel Group? |
no |
| Former Rebel Group UCDP ID: |
none |
| PGM Becomes Rebel Group? |
no |
| Successor Rebel Group UCDP ID: |
none |
Government Relation, Support, and Training
| Government Relation: |
unclear (type 1 or 2) |
| Created by the Government?: |
yes |
Main Creating Government Institution: |
person/minister
|
| Government Link(s): |
state (institution)
|
| If link to party, name of party: |
None |
| Training and Equipment: |
no information |
| Shared Information and Joint Operations: |
no information |
| Shared Personnel: |
no information |
| Type(s) of Material Support: |
Foreign government
|
| State Sponsor(s): |
United States
|
| Other Connection(s): |
NATO |
Group Characteristics
Ethnic Characteristics
| Ethnic Target(s): |
none
|
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Targeting: |
not applicable
|
| Ethnic Membership: |
none
|
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Membership: |
not applicable
|
| Ethnic Purpose: |
none
|
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Purpose: |
not applicable
|
Other Information
| Other Information: |
The network of groups may have some semi-official status within the intelligence community. But this status is not recognized but instead hidden even from some domestic governments and prime ministers. The groups were ultimately answerable to NATO-CIA rather than domestic governments in event of attack by Warsaw Pact. |
New Variables from Meta-Analysis
Purpose
| Purpose: |
Gladio was intended to serve as a fighting force prepared to start operations in case of a Warsaw Pact invasion, acting as a guerilla group and conducting sabotage activities. |
| Relative Benefit(s) of PGM Use |
faster mobilization; deniability of violence
|
Treatment of Civilians
| Treatment of Civilians: |
|
| Type(s) of Violence against Civilians: |
unknown
|
Reasons for Membership
| PGM Members Coerced? |
no information |
| PGM Members Paid? |
no information |
| Reasons for Membership: |
|
| PGM Members Killed? |
no information |
PGM Size
Weapons and Training
| Weapons and Training: |
Members of the group trained with US Green Berets and the British Special Air Service (SAS). They were armed from underground arms caches. |
Organisation
| Organisation: |
The PGM was coordinated by NATO and funded by the CIA. It was operated by the military services in cooperation with the CIA and the British Secret Intelligence Service. In Denmark, the group was secretly part of the military secret service Forsvarets Efterretningstjeneste (FE). |
Reference(s) for Meta-Analysis
Information was taken from news sources listed in the PGMD.
Wikipedia. Operation Gladio. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Gladio&oldid=763490893
Evidence
