Pro-Government Militias
Civilian Militia (Haiti)
Basic Group Information
| Name assigned by coder: | yes |
| PGM ID Number: | 368 |
| Country: | Haiti |
| Date formed: | Aug. 11, 1994 |
| Accuracy of date formed: | month |
| Details of Formation: | The military government of General Cedras began recruiting a civilian militia force in August 1994 after the US threatened to invade if his government did not step down and allow exiled President Aristide to return to Haiti. |
| Date dissolved: | Oct. 15, 1994 |
| Accuracy of date dissolved: | day |
| Details of Termination: | 15 October 1994 is used as the date of termination when US forces restored Aristide to power and he outlawed paramilitary organisations. |
| Termination Type(s): | change in government |
Former and Successor Group Information
| Predecessor group(s): | none |
| Successor group(s): | none |
| Private Military Company? | no |
| Former Group? | no |
| Former Armed Group? | no |
| Former Rebel Group? | no |
| Former Rebel Group UCDP ID: | none |
| PGM Becomes Rebel Group? | no |
| Successor Rebel Group UCDP ID: | none |
Government Relation, Support, and Training
| Government Relation: | informal (type 1) |
| Created by the Government?: | yes | Main Creating Government Institution: | person/minister |
| Government Link(s): | state (institution); military (institution) |
| If link to party, name of party: | None |
| Training and Equipment: | yes |
| Shared Information and Joint Operations: | no information |
| Shared Personnel: | no |
| Type(s) of Material Support: | self-maintained |
| State Sponsor(s): | none |
| Other Connection(s): |
Group Characteristics
| Membership: | no information |
| Primary Membership: | no information |
| Alternative Primary Membership: | no information |
| Location: | Port-Au-Prince |
| Force Strength: | [2000, 40000] |
| Target(s): | foreigners |
| Purpose(s): | protect state, national or religious institutions; protect state, national or religious leader(s); protect national borders and integrity |
Ethnic Characteristics
| Ethnic Target(s): | none |
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Targeting: | not applicable |
| Ethnic Membership: | none |
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Membership: | not applicable |
| Ethnic Purpose: | none |
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Purpose: | not applicable |
Other Information
| Other Information: |
New Variables from Meta-Analysis
Purpose
| Purpose: | The group was formed to help defend Haiti against American forces. |
| Relative Benefit(s) of PGM Use | unknown |
Treatment of Civilians
| Treatment of Civilians: | |
| Type(s) of Violence against Civilians: | unknown |
Reasons for Membership
| PGM Members Coerced? | no |
| PGM Members Paid? | no |
| Reasons for Membership: | |
| PGM Members Killed? | no information |
PGM Size
| Size: |
Weapons and Training
| Weapons and Training: | The group was reportedly armed with less than 30,000 guns and M-1 rifles. |
Organisation
| Organisation: |
Reference(s) for Meta-Analysis
Evidence
- Examine the evidence for this coding.