Pro-Government Militias
S.S.P. Militia (Haiti)
Basic Group Information
| Name assigned by coder: | no |
| PGM ID Number: | 364 |
| Country: | Haiti |
| Date formed: | Feb. 7, 1991 |
| Accuracy of date formed: | year |
| Details of Formation: | In 1991 President Aristide was accused of forming a private militia by General Cedras, who led a military revolt against him. |
| Date dissolved: | Sept. 29, 1991 |
| Accuracy of date dissolved: | day |
| Details of Termination: | Aristide’s overthrow on 20 September 1991 is used as termination date for the group. |
| Termination Type(s): | change in government |
Former and Successor Group Information
| Predecessor group(s): | none |
| Successor group(s): | none |
| Private Military Company? | no |
| Former Group? | no |
| Former Armed Group? | no |
| Former Rebel Group? | no |
| Former Rebel Group UCDP ID: | none |
| PGM Becomes Rebel Group? | no information |
| Successor Rebel Group UCDP ID: | none |
Government Relation, Support, and Training
| Government Relation: | informal (type 1) |
| Created by the Government?: | yes | Main Creating Government Institution: | person/minister |
| Government Link(s): | person/minister |
| If link to party, name of party: | None |
| Training and Equipment: | yes |
| Shared Information and Joint Operations: | no information |
| Shared Personnel: | yes |
| Type(s) of Material Support: | domestic government |
| State Sponsor(s): | none |
| Other Connection(s): | Trained by advisors from the United States, France and Switzerland |
Group Characteristics
| Membership: | security forces |
| Primary Membership: | noncivilian |
| Alternative Primary Membership: | no information |
| Location: | Unknown |
| Force Strength: | [30, 300] |
| Target(s): | unclear |
| Purpose(s): | protect state, national or religious leader(s) |
Ethnic Characteristics
| Ethnic Target(s): | none |
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Targeting: | not applicable |
| Ethnic Membership: | none |
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Membership: | not applicable |
| Ethnic Purpose: | none |
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Purpose: | not applicable |
Other Information
| Other Information: | Members of this PGM were also referred to as “attaches”. |
New Variables from Meta-Analysis
Purpose
| Purpose: | Supporters of Aristide claimed the group was a presidential security service, and it is reported that the threat that the military would assassinate the president provided the motivation to form the group. |
| Relative Benefit(s) of PGM Use | unknown |
Treatment of Civilians
| Treatment of Civilians: | |
| Type(s) of Violence against Civilians: | unknown |
Reasons for Membership
| PGM Members Coerced? | no information |
| PGM Members Paid? | no information |
| Reasons for Membership: | |
| PGM Members Killed? | no information |
PGM Size
| Size: |
Weapons and Training
| Weapons and Training: | The militia was trained by French, American and Swiss security specialists, for roughly three months. |
Organisation
| Organisation: | The group was detached from the regular chain of command and answerable only to the President. |
Reference(s) for Meta-Analysis
Evidence
- Examine the evidence for this coding.