Pro-Government Militias
Ahi (Indonesia)
Basic Group Information
| Name assigned by coder: | no |
| PGM ID Number: | 344 |
| Country: | Indonesia |
| Date formed: | July 26, 1999 |
| Accuracy of date formed: | year |
| Details of Formation: | Ahi emerged as a pro-integration militia similar to Aitarak, Besi Merah-Putih, Laksur, Sakunar etc. in mid-1999. It was part of the umbrella pro-integration force. The Ahi militia worked closely together with the Indonesian army but it is not exactly clear who founded the group. |
| Date dissolved: | Oct. 25, 1999 |
| Accuracy of date dissolved: | day |
| Details of Termination: | On October 25, 1999 the UN Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) was established by resolution 1272 passed by the UN Security Council. The UNTAET was responsible for administration, security, and maintaining law in the transition period for an independent state of East Timor which was officially created in May 2002. With the creation of the UNTAET, the group was no longer pro-government. |
| Termination Type(s): | border change |
Former and Successor Group Information
| Predecessor group(s): | none |
| Successor group(s): | none |
| Private Military Company? | no |
| Former Group? | no |
| Former Armed Group? | no |
| Former Rebel Group? | no |
| Former Rebel Group UCDP ID: | none |
| PGM Becomes Rebel Group? | no |
| Successor Rebel Group UCDP ID: | none |
Government Relation, Support, and Training
| Government Relation: | informal (type 1) |
| Created by the Government?: | unclear | Main Creating Government Institution: | unclear |
| Government Link(s): | military (institution) |
| If link to party, name of party: | None |
| Training and Equipment: | unclear |
| Shared Information and Joint Operations: | yes |
| Shared Personnel: | no |
| Type(s) of Material Support: | unclear |
| State Sponsor(s): | none |
| Other Connection(s): |
Group Characteristics
| Membership: | ideology |
| Primary Membership: | nationalist |
| Alternative Primary Membership: | no information |
| Location: | Aileu (East Timor) |
| Force Strength: | [unknown, unknown] |
| Target(s): | civilians; unarmed political opposition, government critics; international peacekeeping force |
| Purpose(s): | protect national borders and integrity; intimidation of civilians |
Ethnic Characteristics
| Ethnic Target(s): | none |
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Targeting: | not applicable |
| Ethnic Membership: | none |
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Membership: | not applicable |
| Ethnic Purpose: | none |
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Purpose: | not applicable |
Other Information
| Other Information: | The name of the militia stands for Aileu Hidup Dengan Indonesia/Intergrasi-Aileu Lives with Indonesia. |
New Variables from Meta-Analysis
Purpose
| Purpose: | The group was formed as part of an initiative by the Indonesian government to keep UN personnel in check, including monitoring its actions with permission to use force against it case of perceived violations of its neutrality. The group was also part of the pro-integration forces (PPI) and targeted suspected supporters of East Timor independence and in particular CNRT and Falintil supporters. |
| Relative Benefit(s) of PGM Use | unknown |
Treatment of Civilians
| Treatment of Civilians: | The group systematically attacked civilians, particularly targeting supporters of East Timor’s independence, who were killed, tortured, arrested or detained by members. The group burnt down houses and forcefully deported the population to West Timor, especially in the village of Aisirimou in Aileu. |
| Type(s) of Violence against Civilians: | killing; torture |
Reasons for Membership
| PGM Members Coerced? | no information |
| PGM Members Paid? | no information |
| Reasons for Membership: | |
| PGM Members Killed? | no information |
PGM Size
| Size: |
Weapons and Training
| Weapons and Training: | Based on one incident in which members shot at a civilian, members must have been armed with guns, though it is not clear by whom. |
Organisation
| Organisation: | The PGM was part of the pro-integration forces (PPI) and commanded by Tomas Mendonca. It closely cooperated with the military (TNI). |
Reference(s) for Meta-Analysis
Evidence
- Examine the evidence for this coding.