Peace Force and Defender of Integration (Indonesia)
Basic Group Information
| Name assigned by coder: |
no
|
| PGM ID Number: |
340
|
| Country: |
Indonesia |
| Date formed: |
Feb. 16, 1999 |
| Accuracy of date formed: |
month
|
| Details of Formation: |
This short-lived and very small pro-integration militia is difficult to track, but it emerged in early 1999 and took part in the meeting with Indonesian special forces and other pro-integration militias that set out the strategy for providing arms and killing secessionists. |
| Date dissolved: |
Oct. 25, 1999 |
| Accuracy of date dissolved: |
day
|
| Details of Termination: |
This group appears to have disbanded and probably integrated into other militia after its leader refused to target and kill Catholic priests and nuns and fled the country. The group is seen as terminated when the UN Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) was established on 25 October 1999. |
| Termination Type(s): |
border change
|
Former and Successor Group Information
| Predecessor group(s): |
none
|
| Successor group(s): |
none
|
| Private Military Company? |
no |
| Former Group? |
no |
| Former Armed Group? |
no |
| Former Rebel Group? |
no |
| Former Rebel Group UCDP ID: |
none |
| PGM Becomes Rebel Group? |
no |
| Successor Rebel Group UCDP ID: |
none |
Government Relation, Support, and Training
| Government Relation: |
informal (type 1) |
| Created by the Government?: |
no information |
Main Creating Government Institution: |
no information
|
| Government Link(s): |
military (institution)
|
| If link to party, name of party: |
None |
| Training and Equipment: |
unclear |
| Shared Information and Joint Operations: |
yes |
| Shared Personnel: |
no |
| Type(s) of Material Support: |
military
|
| State Sponsor(s): |
none
|
| Other Connection(s): |
|
Group Characteristics
Ethnic Characteristics
| Ethnic Target(s): |
none
|
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Targeting: |
not applicable
|
| Ethnic Membership: |
none
|
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Membership: |
not applicable
|
| Ethnic Purpose: |
East Timorese (Indonesia)
|
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Purpose: |
given
|
Other Information
New Variables from Meta-Analysis
Purpose
| Purpose: |
This was a pro-integration group, which was used to kill separatists and their relatives in East Timor. |
| Relative Benefit(s) of PGM Use |
unknown
|
Treatment of Civilians
| Treatment of Civilians: |
The group took part in political cleansing, killing civilians such as pro-independence supporters but also nuns and priests. |
| Type(s) of Violence against Civilians: |
killing
|
Reasons for Membership
| PGM Members Coerced? |
no information |
| PGM Members Paid? |
no information |
| Reasons for Membership: |
|
| PGM Members Killed? |
no information |
PGM Size
Weapons and Training
| Weapons and Training: |
The military agreed to support this and other militias with weapons such as rifles. There is nothing said about training. |
Organisation
| Organisation: |
The group was subordinated to the military, specifically the SGI, the Kopassus’ secret intelligence organization. |
Reference(s) for Meta-Analysis
Information was taken from news sources listed in the PGMD.
Evidence
