Pro-Government Militias
Siliwangi Youth (Indonesia)
Basic Group Information
| Name assigned by coder: | no |
| PGM ID Number: | 331 |
| Country: | Indonesia |
| Date formed: | Jan. 1, 1970 |
| Accuracy of date formed: | decade |
| Details of Formation: | Ali Murtopo established the group in the 1970s and it was subsequently co-opted by the government. It functions as one of the Golkar party’s youth wings. |
| Date dissolved: | Unknown |
| Accuracy of date dissolved: | day |
| Details of Termination: | No activities reported after 2007. |
| Termination Type(s): | none |
Former and Successor Group Information
| Predecessor group(s): | none |
| Successor group(s): | none |
| Private Military Company? | no |
| Former Group? | no |
| Former Armed Group? | no |
| Former Rebel Group? | no |
| Former Rebel Group UCDP ID: | none |
| PGM Becomes Rebel Group? | no |
| Successor Rebel Group UCDP ID: | none |
Government Relation, Support, and Training
| Government Relation: | informal (type 1) |
| Created by the Government?: | yes | Main Creating Government Institution: | military |
| Government Link(s): | political party; military (institution) |
| If link to party, name of party: | Golkar (Party of the Functional Groups) |
| Training and Equipment: | yes |
| Shared Information and Joint Operations: | yes |
| Shared Personnel: | no |
| Type(s) of Material Support: | no information |
| State Sponsor(s): | none |
| Other Connection(s): |
Group Characteristics
| Membership: | ideology; adolescents |
| Primary Membership: | political |
| Alternative Primary Membership: | ideological |
| Location: | Java |
| Force Strength: | [unknown, unknown] |
| Target(s): | unarmed political opposition, government critics; students |
| Purpose(s): | intimidation of civilians |
Ethnic Characteristics
| Ethnic Target(s): | none |
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Targeting: | not applicable |
| Ethnic Membership: | none |
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Membership: | not applicable |
| Ethnic Purpose: | none |
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Purpose: | not applicable |
Other Information
| Other Information: | The last reported activity of the group was its announcement to support a Governor in 2008 elections. Its full name is Angkatan Muda Siliwangi. |
New Variables from Meta-Analysis
Purpose
| Purpose: | The group was mainly used to provoke riots, counter protests and to intimidate political opposition. It also generally supported the Golkar party. |
| Relative Benefit(s) of PGM Use | unknown |
Treatment of Civilians
| Treatment of Civilians: | The group behaved violently toward protestors and political opponents. |
| Type(s) of Violence against Civilians: | unknown |
Reasons for Membership
| PGM Members Coerced? | no information |
| PGM Members Paid? | no information |
| Reasons for Membership: | Political and ideological components are reported as the basis of the group, therefore these ideological incentives could have been a motivation to join the group. |
| PGM Members Killed? | no information |
PGM Size
| Size: |
Weapons and Training
| Weapons and Training: | The group is described as trained and armed, in one instance with bayonets. There are no other details reported about where either came from. |
Organisation
| Organisation: | Siliwangi Youth was linked to the military and under the authority of the local army command of the 3rd Military Region. There were also links to the Golkar party, which the PGM supported. |
Reference(s) for Meta-Analysis
Evidence
- Examine the evidence for this coding.