Pro-Government Militias
Tim Pancasila (Indonesia)
Basic Group Information
| Name assigned by coder: | no |
| PGM ID Number: | 328 |
| Country: | Indonesia |
| Date formed: | May 17, 1999 |
| Accuracy of date formed: | year |
| Details of Formation: | The PGM emerged in mid-1999 as a pro-integration militia sponsored by the military. Evidence points out that Tim Pancasila was only active for a short period in May where it committed one massacre. There are no details about its creation. |
| Date dissolved: | Oct. 25, 1999 |
| Accuracy of date dissolved: | day |
| Details of Termination: | On 25 October 1999, the UN Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) was established by resolution 1272 passed by the UN Security Council and which is used as the group’s termination date. The UNTAET was responsible for administration, security, and maintaining law in the transition period for an independent state of East Timor which was officially created in May 2002. |
| Termination Type(s): | border change |
Former and Successor Group Information
| Predecessor group(s): | none |
| Successor group(s): | none |
| Private Military Company? | no |
| Former Group? | no |
| Former Armed Group? | no |
| Former Rebel Group? | no |
| Former Rebel Group UCDP ID: | none |
| PGM Becomes Rebel Group? | no |
| Successor Rebel Group UCDP ID: | none |
Government Relation, Support, and Training
| Government Relation: | informal (type 1) |
| Created by the Government?: | no information | Main Creating Government Institution: | no information |
| Government Link(s): | military (institution) |
| If link to party, name of party: | None |
| Training and Equipment: | yes |
| Shared Information and Joint Operations: | yes |
| Shared Personnel: | no |
| Type(s) of Material Support: | military |
| State Sponsor(s): | none |
| Other Connection(s): |
Group Characteristics
| Membership: | ideology |
| Primary Membership: | nationalist |
| Alternative Primary Membership: | no information |
| Location: | Ermera (East Timor) |
| Force Strength: | [unknown, 60] |
| Target(s): | civilians; unarmed political opposition, government critics |
| Purpose(s): | protect national borders and integrity; intimidation of ethnic/religious groups; intimidation of civilians |
Ethnic Characteristics
| Ethnic Target(s): | none |
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Targeting: | not applicable |
| Ethnic Membership: | none |
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Membership: | not applicable |
| Ethnic Purpose: | East Timorese (Indonesia) |
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Purpose: | given |
Other Information
| Other Information: |
New Variables from Meta-Analysis
Purpose
| Purpose: | The group was used to perpetrate attacks against independence supporters in East Timor. |
| Relative Benefit(s) of PGM Use | loyalty |
Treatment of Civilians
| Treatment of Civilians: | The group was responsible for a massacre in which between six to 32 civilians were killed. |
| Type(s) of Violence against Civilians: | killing |
Reasons for Membership
| PGM Members Coerced? | no information |
| PGM Members Paid? | no information |
| Reasons for Membership: | |
| PGM Members Killed? | no information |
PGM Size
| Size: |
Weapons and Training
| Weapons and Training: | The group was armed with assault rifles. It was trained by the army. |
Organisation
| Organisation: | The group was supported by and cooperated with the military. |
Reference(s) for Meta-Analysis
Evidence
- Examine the evidence for this coding.