Pro-Government Militias
Makikit (Indonesia)
Basic Group Information
| Name assigned by coder: | no |
| PGM ID Number: | 316 |
| Country: | Indonesia |
| Date formed: | Jan. 1, 1976 |
| Accuracy of date formed: | year |
| Details of Formation: | The group was established in 1976 by Kopassus and was subsequently co-opted by the government. Sources indicate that it was active as a pro-integration militia in Timor between 1997 and 1999. Its existence is based on law No 20/1982. |
| Date dissolved: | Oct. 25, 1999 |
| Accuracy of date dissolved: | day |
| Details of Termination: | On October 25, the UN Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) was established by resolution 1272 passed by the UN Security Council. The UNTAET was responsible for administration, security, and maintaining law in the transition period for an independent state of East Timor, which was officially created in May 2002. Makikit was (partially) disarmed in August 1999 and is not mentioned afterwards. |
| Termination Type(s): | border change |
Former and Successor Group Information
| Predecessor group(s): | none |
| Successor group(s): | none |
| Private Military Company? | no |
| Former Group? | no |
| Former Armed Group? | no |
| Former Rebel Group? | no |
| Former Rebel Group UCDP ID: | none |
| PGM Becomes Rebel Group? | no |
| Successor Rebel Group UCDP ID: | none |
Government Relation, Support, and Training
| Government Relation: | semi-official (type 2) |
| Created by the Government?: | yes | Main Creating Government Institution: | military |
| Government Link(s): | state (institution); military (institution) |
| If link to party, name of party: | None |
| Training and Equipment: | yes |
| Shared Information and Joint Operations: | yes |
| Shared Personnel: | no |
| Type(s) of Material Support: | military |
| State Sponsor(s): | none |
| Other Connection(s): |
Group Characteristics
| Membership: | ideology; adolescents |
| Primary Membership: | local |
| Alternative Primary Membership: | no information |
| Location: | Viqueque (East Timor) |
| Force Strength: | [unknown, 200] |
| Target(s): | unarmed political opposition, government critics; rebels, insurgents, or other armed group |
| Purpose(s): | protect national borders and integrity; fight insurgents |
Ethnic Characteristics
| Ethnic Target(s): | none |
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Targeting: | not applicable |
| Ethnic Membership: | none |
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Membership: | not applicable |
| Ethnic Purpose: | none |
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Purpose: | not applicable |
Other Information
| Other Information: |
New Variables from Meta-Analysis
Purpose
| Purpose: | The group was sent to East Timor to support the armed forces in its fight for integration. The group was intended to fight Fretelin and other pro-independence combatants. This was based on the right of citizens to defend the state. Makikit was officially also supposed to protect neighbourhoods. |
| Relative Benefit(s) of PGM Use | unknown |
Treatment of Civilians
| Treatment of Civilians: | |
| Type(s) of Violence against Civilians: | unknown |
Reasons for Membership
| PGM Members Coerced? | no information |
| PGM Members Paid? | no information |
| Reasons for Membership: | |
| PGM Members Killed? | no information |
PGM Size
| Size: |
Weapons and Training
| Weapons and Training: | The PGM was trained and armed by the military. |
Organisation
| Organisation: | The militia supported the military in the field and was commanded by the armed forces. The military also provided funding (as well as wealthy businessmen with pro-integration interests). The group was active on the district level. |
Reference(s) for Meta-Analysis
Evidence
- Examine the evidence for this coding.