Pro-Government Militias

Pro-Government Militia Website

Makikit (Indonesia)

Basic Group Information

Name assigned by coder: no
PGM ID Number: 316
Country: Indonesia
Date formed: Jan. 1, 1976
    Accuracy of date formed: year
Details of Formation: The group was established in 1976 by Kopassus and was subsequently co-opted by the government. Sources indicate that it was active as a pro-integration militia in Timor between 1997 and 1999. Its existence is based on law No 20/1982.
Date dissolved: Oct. 25, 1999
    Accuracy of date dissolved: day
Details of Termination: On October 25, the UN Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) was established by resolution 1272 passed by the UN Security Council. The UNTAET was responsible for administration, security, and maintaining law in the transition period for an independent state of East Timor, which was officially created in May 2002. Makikit was (partially) disarmed in August 1999 and is not mentioned afterwards.
Termination Type(s): border change

Former and Successor Group Information

Predecessor group(s): none
Successor group(s): none
Private Military Company? no
Former Group? no
    Former Armed Group? no
Former Rebel Group? no
    Former Rebel Group UCDP ID: none
PGM Becomes Rebel Group? no
    Successor Rebel Group UCDP ID: none

Government Relation, Support, and Training

Government Relation: semi-official (type 2)
Created by the Government?: yes
    Main Creating Government Institution: military
Government Link(s): state (institution); military (institution)
    If link to party, name of party: None
Training and Equipment: yes
Shared Information and Joint Operations: yes
Shared Personnel: no
Type(s) of Material Support: military
State Sponsor(s): none
Other Connection(s):

Group Characteristics

Membership: ideology; adolescents
Primary Membership: local
Alternative Primary Membership: no information
Location: Viqueque (East Timor)
Force Strength: [unknown, 200]
Target(s): unarmed political opposition, government critics; rebels, insurgents, or other armed group
Purpose(s): protect national borders and integrity; fight insurgents

Ethnic Characteristics

Ethnic Target(s): none
    Quality of Information for Ethnic Targeting: not applicable
Ethnic Membership: none
    Quality of Information for Ethnic Membership: not applicable
Ethnic Purpose: none
    Quality of Information for Ethnic Purpose: not applicable

Other Information

Other Information:

New Variables from Meta-Analysis

Purpose

Purpose: The group was sent to East Timor to support the armed forces in its fight for integration. The group was intended to fight Fretelin and other pro-independence combatants. This was based on the right of citizens to defend the state. Makikit was officially also supposed to protect neighbourhoods.
Relative Benefit(s) of PGM Use unknown

Treatment of Civilians

Treatment of Civilians:
Type(s) of Violence against Civilians: unknown

Reasons for Membership

PGM Members Coerced? no information
PGM Members Paid? no information
Reasons for Membership:
PGM Members Killed? no information

PGM Size

Size:

Weapons and Training

Weapons and Training: The PGM was trained and armed by the military.

Organisation

Organisation: The militia supported the military in the field and was commanded by the armed forces. The military also provided funding (as well as wealthy businessmen with pro-integration interests). The group was active on the district level.

Reference(s) for Meta-Analysis

Information was taken from news sources listed in the PGMD.

Evidence