Pro-Government Militias
Ambororo (Sudan)
Basic Group Information
| Name assigned by coder: | no |
| PGM ID Number: | 279 |
| Country: | Sudan |
| Date formed: | Aug. 2, 2006 |
| Accuracy of date formed: | year |
| Details of Formation: | The Ambororo are nomads who used to be selling milk. In 2006, they were suddenly seen with sophisticated equipment and evidence suggests that they received support from the National Congress Party. |
| Date dissolved: | July 9, 2011 |
| Accuracy of date dissolved: | year |
| Details of Termination: | The Ambororo have been expelled from Western Equatoria state in 2008/10 by South Sudan authorities and were mainly active in Western Bahr el Ghazal, which belongs now to the territory of South Sudan. The group is coded to be terminated in 2011 when South Sudan became independent from Sudan. |
| Termination Type(s): | border change |
Former and Successor Group Information
| Predecessor group(s): | none |
| Successor group(s): | none |
| Private Military Company? | no |
| Former Group? | no |
| Former Armed Group? | no |
| Former Rebel Group? | no |
| Former Rebel Group UCDP ID: | none |
| PGM Becomes Rebel Group? | no |
| Successor Rebel Group UCDP ID: | none |
Government Relation, Support, and Training
| Government Relation: | informal (type 1) |
| Created by the Government?: | no information | Main Creating Government Institution: | none |
| Government Link(s): | political party; state (institution) |
| If link to party, name of party: | National Congress Party |
| Training and Equipment: | yes |
| Shared Information and Joint Operations: | no |
| Shared Personnel: | no |
| Type(s) of Material Support: | domestic government; self-maintained |
| State Sponsor(s): | none |
| Other Connection(s): |
Group Characteristics
| Membership: | ethnic |
| Primary Membership: | ethnic |
| Alternative Primary Membership: | no information |
| Location: | Western Bahr el Ghazal |
| Force Strength: | [unknown, unknown] |
| Target(s): | civilians; rebels, insurgents, or other armed group; peasants |
| Purpose(s): | intimidation of civilians |
Ethnic Characteristics
| Ethnic Target(s): | none |
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Targeting: | not applicable |
| Ethnic Membership: | Other Arab groups (Sudan) |
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Membership: | given |
| Ethnic Purpose: | none |
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Purpose: | not applicable |
Other Information
| Other Information: | The Ambororo are located in Bahr el Ghazal, Western Equatoria and Unity. They target SPLM/A police which is considered a rebel group despite the Comprehensive Peace Agreement due to their continued support of an independent South Sudan. Apart from the weapons, it can be assumed that the Ambororo use their cattle as source of finance. The Ambororo are Arab nomads. |
New Variables from Meta-Analysis
Purpose
| Purpose: | The National Congress government supported the Ambororos with the aim that they destabilize the SPLM/A-dominated areas in the Western Bahr al-Ghazal State. |
| Relative Benefit(s) of PGM Use | unknown |
Treatment of Civilians
| Treatment of Civilians: | The Ambororo destroyed crops, beehives, water points and cultivated land of local farmers in Western Bahr al-Ghazal State and Western Equatoria. In 2007, community leaders in Western Equatoria alleged that the Ambororo had killed more than 90 people in the region, a claim that was refuted by the vice-president of Southern Sudan. In 2008, the government of Southern Sudan expelled the Ambororo from Western Equatoria due to their predating behaviour. |
| Type(s) of Violence against Civilians: | killing |
Reasons for Membership
| PGM Members Coerced? | no information |
| PGM Members Paid? | no information |
| Reasons for Membership: | |
| PGM Members Killed? | no information |
PGM Size
| Size: |
Weapons and Training
| Weapons and Training: | The Ambororo have automatic weapons. The security advisor to the governor of Western Equatoria suspects the state authorities for providing the Ambororo with the weapons. |
Organisation
| Organisation: | The Ambororo has links to the National Congress Party. The Ambororo are led by the Ambororo Chief, Mohamed Suleiman, who represents the group at Southern Sudan level. |
Reference(s) for Meta-Analysis
Evidence
- Examine the evidence for this coding.