Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (Saudi Arabia)
Basic Group Information
| Name assigned by coder: |
no
|
| PGM ID Number: |
247
|
| Country: |
Saudi Arabia |
| Date formed: |
Oct. 2, 1985 |
| Accuracy of date formed: |
day
|
| Details of Formation: |
The PGM was founded by King Fahd in 1985 to ensure compliance of civilians with Sharia law. (Wikipedia) |
| Date dissolved: |
Unknown |
| Accuracy of date dissolved: |
day
|
| Details of Termination: |
still active |
| Termination Type(s): |
none
|
Former and Successor Group Information
| Predecessor group(s): |
none
|
| Successor group(s): |
none
|
| Private Military Company? |
no |
| Former Group? |
yes |
| Former Armed Group? |
no information |
| Former Rebel Group? |
no information |
| Former Rebel Group UCDP ID: |
none |
| PGM Becomes Rebel Group? |
no information |
| Successor Rebel Group UCDP ID: |
none |
Government Relation, Support, and Training
| Government Relation: |
semi-official (type 2) |
| Created by the Government?: |
no information |
Main Creating Government Institution: |
none
|
| Government Link(s): |
state (institution)
|
| If link to party, name of party: |
None |
| Training and Equipment: |
unclear |
| Shared Information and Joint Operations: |
yes |
| Shared Personnel: |
unclear |
| Type(s) of Material Support: |
domestic government
|
| State Sponsor(s): |
none
|
| Other Connection(s): |
|
Group Characteristics
Ethnic Characteristics
| Ethnic Target(s): |
none
|
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Targeting: |
not applicable
|
| Ethnic Membership: |
none
|
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Membership: |
not applicable
|
| Ethnic Purpose: |
none
|
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Purpose: |
not applicable
|
Other Information
| Other Information: |
Other names include Mutaween and Hai’a. (Wikipedia) |
New Variables from Meta-Analysis
Purpose
| Purpose: |
The militia was used by the government to enforce strict Islamic laws. It was created by the government to ensure that citizens and foreigners abide by Sharia law and were often accompanied by police to arrest suspects. (Wikipedia) |
| Relative Benefit(s) of PGM Use |
unknown
|
Treatment of Civilians
| Treatment of Civilians: |
The militia patrolled streets, attacked and arrested civilians who disobeyed the strict Islamic laws. In 2002, sources reported of several girls dying in a burning school as militia members have stopped rescuers to enter due to the girls’ non-compliance with Sharia dress code. In 2007, after public criticism increased, the government has reduced the militia’s powers and members are not armed with canes any longer. (Zoepf 2013) |
| Type(s) of Violence against Civilians: |
killing; beating
|
Reasons for Membership
| PGM Members Coerced? |
no information |
| PGM Members Paid? |
no information |
| Reasons for Membership: |
Members were largely uneducated, but there is no information on why they joined the committee. |
| PGM Members Killed? |
no information |
PGM Size
| Size: |
The militia was comprised of field officers and administrative personnel. While there were about 4,000 field officers, there were about 10,000 administrative personnel. (Lief 2013) |
Weapons and Training
| Weapons and Training: |
Militiamen carried sticks and whips to beat civilians who did not obey the religious laws. |
Organisation
| Organisation: |
The head of the organization was a member of Saudi Arabia’s cabinet and under direct control of the king. It operated as an official government agency. The agency had 3,500 to 4,000 field officers and about 10,000 administrative personnel. (Wikipedia) |
Reference(s) for Meta-Analysis
Lief, Louise. 2013. “With youth pounding at kingdom's gates, Saudi Arabia begins religious police reform”. Christian Science Monitor. https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2013/0523/With-youth-pounding-at-kingdom-s-gates-Saudi-Arabia-begins-religious-police-reform.
Wikipedia. “Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (Saudi Arabia)”. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Committee_for_the_Promotion_of_Virtue_and_the_Prevention_of_Vice_(Saudi_Arabia)&oldid=825117288.
Zoepf, Katherine. 2013. “Letters from Riyadh. Shopgirls. The art of selling lingerie”. The New Yorker https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/12/23/shopgirls.
Information was taken from news sources listed in the PGMD.
Evidence
