Achekvai tribal militia (Afghanistan)
Basic Group Information
| Name assigned by coder: |
no
|
| PGM ID Number: |
204
|
| Country: |
Afghanistan |
| Date formed: |
Jan. 1, 1982 |
| Accuracy of date formed: |
year
|
| Details of Formation: |
The group’s leader Esmat Muslim allied with the government after Pakistan cut supplies for his guerilla activities in 1982. |
| Date dissolved: |
Dec. 31, 1991 |
| Accuracy of date dissolved: |
year
|
| Details of Termination: |
There is no clear termination date but the group’s leader Esmat Muslim died in a Soviet hospital in 1991. This is used as the end date, as there is no more evidence for this group after that date. |
| Termination Type(s): |
none
|
Former and Successor Group Information
| Predecessor group(s): |
none
|
| Successor group(s): |
none
|
| Private Military Company? |
no |
| Former Group? |
unclear |
| Former Armed Group? |
unclear |
| Former Rebel Group? |
unclear |
| Former Rebel Group UCDP ID: |
none |
| PGM Becomes Rebel Group? |
no information |
| Successor Rebel Group UCDP ID: |
none |
Government Relation, Support, and Training
| Government Relation: |
informal (type 1) |
| Created by the Government?: |
no |
Main Creating Government Institution: |
none
|
| Government Link(s): |
state (institution)
|
| If link to party, name of party: |
None |
| Training and Equipment: |
no information |
| Shared Information and Joint Operations: |
no information |
| Shared Personnel: |
no information |
| Type(s) of Material Support: |
domestic government
|
| State Sponsor(s): |
none
|
| Other Connection(s): |
|
Group Characteristics
Ethnic Characteristics
| Ethnic Target(s): |
none
|
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Targeting: |
not applicable
|
| Ethnic Membership: |
Pashtuns (Afghanistan)
|
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Membership: |
inferred
|
| Ethnic Purpose: |
none
|
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Purpose: |
not applicable
|
Other Information
| Other Information: |
Ethnic Membership is inferred as the Achekvai tribe is a subgroup of Pashtuns (Afghanistan). |
New Variables from Meta-Analysis
Purpose
| Purpose: |
The group was formed to protect Achekzai settlements and parts of Afghanistan’s border to Pakistan. |
| Relative Benefit(s) of PGM Use |
unknown
|
Treatment of Civilians
| Treatment of Civilians: |
The group was established to protect the population along the Pakistani border, focusing on Achekzai people in particular. According to a statement, the PGM killed counter-revolutionaries and arrested members of armed bands. |
| Type(s) of Violence against Civilians: |
killing
|
Reasons for Membership
| PGM Members Coerced? |
no |
| PGM Members Paid? |
yes |
| Reasons for Membership: |
Loyalty to the ethnic group of the Achekzai tribe (and its chief Esmat Muslim) is reported as an influence on supporting and joining the PGM. |
| PGM Members Killed? |
no information |
PGM Size
Weapons and Training
| Weapons and Training: |
According to the New York Times, the group was in possession of tanks and artillery. |
Organisation
| Organisation: |
The group was commanded by Esmat Muslim and one source reports that he operated relatively independently from governmental control. |
Reference(s) for Meta-Analysis
Information was taken from news sources listed in the PGMD.
Evidence
