Pro-Government Militias
National Alliance for Democracy (Philippines)
Basic Group Information
| Name assigned by coder: | no |
| PGM ID Number: | 154 |
| Country: | Philippines |
| Date formed: | Dec. 10, 1988 |
| Accuracy of date formed: | month |
| Details of Formation: | The National Alliance for Democracy emerged in late 1988, when 20 anti-communist movements and vigilante groups decided to unite and form an umbrella organisation. |
| Date dissolved: | June 30, 2010 |
| Accuracy of date dissolved: | decade |
| Details of Termination: | The last evidence is from 2008 when the PGM held an indignation rally. In 2010, Benigno Aquino III became president. As we have no information on the group’s existence after the change in government, we code it as terminated from the day of government change on. |
| Termination Type(s): | change in government |
Former and Successor Group Information
| Predecessor group(s): | none |
| Successor group(s): | none |
| Private Military Company? | no |
| Former Group? | no |
| Former Armed Group? | no |
| Former Rebel Group? | no |
| Former Rebel Group UCDP ID: | none |
| PGM Becomes Rebel Group? | no |
| Successor Rebel Group UCDP ID: | none |
Government Relation, Support, and Training
| Government Relation: | informal (type 1) |
| Created by the Government?: | no | Main Creating Government Institution: | none |
| Government Link(s): | state (institution); military (institution) |
| If link to party, name of party: | None |
| Training and Equipment: | unclear |
| Shared Information and Joint Operations: | unclear |
| Shared Personnel: | no information |
| Type(s) of Material Support: | corporation |
| State Sponsor(s): | none |
| Other Connection(s): |
Group Characteristics
| Membership: | religious; ideology; former rebels |
| Primary Membership: | ideological |
| Alternative Primary Membership: | no information |
| Location: | Cebu, Zamboanga del Sur |
| Force Strength: | [unknown, 2000] |
| Target(s): | rebels, insurgents, or other armed group |
| Purpose(s): | fight insurgents |
Ethnic Characteristics
| Ethnic Target(s): | none |
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Targeting: | not applicable |
| Ethnic Membership: | none |
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Membership: | not applicable |
| Ethnic Purpose: | none |
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Purpose: | not applicable |
Other Information
| Other Information: | The National Alliance for Democracy (NAD) was initially active in 1988-89 and was apparently revived in 2000. Wikipedia mentions the existence of a party called National Alliance for Democracy, but we have no further information whether it is the same as this PGM. NAD receives some money from large businesses which use them to counter strikes by the May 1st Movement, a radical union federation. NAD is an umbrella group: The Alsa Masa PGM is also part of NAD, as well as other groups such as the Red-Alert Christian Ministry, the Catholic Action to Love the Communists and People’s Alliance against Communism. |
New Variables from Meta-Analysis
Purpose
| Purpose: | The NAD’s main purpose was to fight the communist insurgency. It was part of the new military strategy to increase political warfare and in this mark the Defense Secretary Ramos enlisted the NAD to roll back popular support for the Communist Party. |
| Relative Benefit(s) of PGM Use | unknown |
Treatment of Civilians
| Treatment of Civilians: | |
| Type(s) of Violence against Civilians: | unknown |
Reasons for Membership
| PGM Members Coerced? | yes |
| PGM Members Paid? | no information |
| Reasons for Membership: | During 1988 and 1989 there were cases of forced recruitment, when the military branded people refusing to join as communists. |
| PGM Members Killed? | no information |
PGM Size
| Size: | Upon foundation, the umbrella NAD was composed of 20 groups. By 2000, this had increased to 120 participant groups. In 2008, NAD held a rally with more than 2,000 people, with most of them being members of NAD. |
Weapons and Training
| Weapons and Training: | NAD members asked the military for weapons, but we have no information whether the military answered that demand. |
Organisation
| Organisation: | The government of President Corazon Aquino sanctioned the NAD. |
Reference(s) for Meta-Analysis
Evidence
- Examine the evidence for this coding.