Manticao Village Defence Force (Philippines)
Basic Group Information
| Name assigned by coder: |
no
|
| PGM ID Number: |
145
|
| Country: |
Philippines |
| Date formed: |
March 17, 1985 |
| Accuracy of date formed: |
year
|
| Details of Formation: |
The group was established in 1985 by a religious Marcos supporter called Butok in cooperation with a retired Philippine Army Colonel. |
| Date dissolved: |
July 15, 1987 |
| Accuracy of date dissolved: |
day
|
| Details of Termination: |
Through Executive Order No. 275, President Aquino dissolved all paramilitary units from 15 July 1987 onwards. As there is no (pro-government) evidence for the Manticao Village Defence Force after this order, the PGM is regarded as banned/dissolved. |
| Termination Type(s): |
government defects
|
Former and Successor Group Information
| Predecessor group(s): |
none
|
| Successor group(s): |
none
|
| Private Military Company? |
no |
| Former Group? |
no |
| Former Armed Group? |
no |
| Former Rebel Group? |
no |
| Former Rebel Group UCDP ID: |
none |
| PGM Becomes Rebel Group? |
no |
| Successor Rebel Group UCDP ID: |
none |
Government Relation, Support, and Training
| Government Relation: |
informal (type 1) |
| Created by the Government?: |
no |
Main Creating Government Institution: |
none
|
| Government Link(s): |
no information
|
| If link to party, name of party: |
None |
| Training and Equipment: |
yes |
| Shared Information and Joint Operations: |
unclear |
| Shared Personnel: |
no information |
| Type(s) of Material Support: |
no information
|
| State Sponsor(s): |
none
|
| Other Connection(s): |
|
Group Characteristics
Ethnic Characteristics
| Ethnic Target(s): |
none
|
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Targeting: |
not applicable
|
| Ethnic Membership: |
none
|
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Membership: |
not applicable
|
| Ethnic Purpose: |
none
|
| Quality of Information for Ethnic Purpose: |
not applicable
|
Other Information
New Variables from Meta-Analysis
Purpose
| Purpose: |
The group’s purpose was to fight communist rebels. |
| Relative Benefit(s) of PGM Use |
unknown
|
Treatment of Civilians
| Treatment of Civilians: |
|
| Type(s) of Violence against Civilians: |
unknown
|
Reasons for Membership
| PGM Members Coerced? |
no information |
| PGM Members Paid? |
no information |
| Reasons for Membership: |
Members first began to follow Butok, who was known for his teachings and reputed prowess as a healer. With Butok’s support, some followers were then recruited into the Village Defence Force. |
| PGM Members Killed? |
no information |
PGM Size
| Size: |
Butok had more than 200 adult followers out of which around a sixth were members of the Manticao Village Defence Force. |
Weapons and Training
| Weapons and Training: |
Members received six days of military instructions. They used American-made weapons of World War II or earlier. |
Organisation
| Organisation: |
The force is organised by retired Philippine Army Colonel Disodao Ratunil. |
Reference(s) for Meta-Analysis
Information was taken from news sources listed in the PGMD
Evidence
